Nama : Dhimas Pribadhi
Kelas :
4EA26
NPM :
12211000
Mata Kuliah :
Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2
What is a Conditional
Sentence?
- A sentence discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences.
- Full conditional sentences contain two clauses: the condition and the result.
- Eg.) If I go to the mall (condition), I will buy a pair of jeans (result).
Conditional Sentence
- The ‘result’ is the main clause and the ‘condition’ is a subordinate (dependant) clause.
- The properties of the conditional clause (tense, degree of probability) determine the properties of the entire sentence.
- Conditional clauses usually begin with “if” or “unless”
–
If
you study, you will pass the exam.
–
You
won’t pass the exam unless you study
Three types of “IF” clauses in conditional sentences:
- Type 1: if + Simple Present, will-future
–
Expresses something that is likely to happen
- Type 2: if + Simple Past, would +infinitive
–
Expresses something that is not likely to happen
- Type 3: if + Past Perfect
–
Expresses something that is impossible.
Type 1: if + Simple Present, will-future
- Type 1 expresses something that is likely to happen.
- Eg. If I catch the bus, I will get to school on time.
- The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence:
- Eg. I will get to school on time if I catch the bus.
Type 1: if + Simple Present, will-future
- Conditional sentences Type 1 refer to the future.
- An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is met.
- We don’t know for sure whether or not the condition will be fulfilled, but the condition is realistic and therefore likely to happen.
- It is likely that I will catch the bus and get to school on time.
Type 2: if +
Simple Past, would + infinitive
- Type 2 expresses something that is unlikely to happen.
- Eg. If I had the time, I would go to the show.
- The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence:
- Eg. I would go to the show if I had the time.
- We usually use “were” instead of “was” in Type 2.
Type 2: if +
Simple Past, would + infinitive
- An action could happen if the present situation were different.
- We don’t really expect the situation to change – we just imagine ‘what would happen if…’
- It is unlikely that I will find the time to go to the show.
Type 3: if + Past
Perfect
- Type 3 expresses something that is impossible.
- Eg. If I had finished my homework, I would have gone to the party.
- The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence:
- Eg. I would have gone to the party if I had finished my homework.
Type 3: if + Past
Perfect
- Type 3 conditional sentences refer to situations in the past.
- An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled.
- We just imagine what would have happened if the condition had been met.
- I wanted to go to the party but I wasn’t able to go to the party because I hadn’t finished my homework.
Type “0”
- The “0” conditional is formed with both clauses in the present tense.
- It is used to express a certainty, a universal statement, a law of science, etc.
- Eg. If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils. If you don’t eat for a long time, you become hungry. If the sea is stormy, the waves are high.
- The “0” conditional is different from true conditionals because the introductory ‘if’ can be replaced by ‘when’ or ‘whenever’.
