CONDITION SENTENCE

Nama                   : Dhimas Pribadhi

Kelas                    : 4EA26

NPM                    : 12211000

Mata Kuliah       : Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

What  is a Conditional Sentence?

• A sentence discussing factual implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences.

• Full conditional sentences contain two clauses: the condition and the result.

• Eg.) If I go to the mall (condition), I will buy a pair of jeans (result).

Conditional Sentence

• The ‘result’ is the main clause and the ‘condition’ is a subordinate (dependant) clause.

• The properties of the conditional clause (tense, degree of probability) determine the properties of the entire sentence.

• Conditional clauses usually begin with “if” or “unless”

–        If you study, you will pass the exam.

–        You won’t pass the exam unless you study

Three types of “IF” clauses in conditional sentences:

• Type 1:  if + Simple Present, will-future

–        Expresses something that is likely to happen

• Type 2:  if + Simple Past, would +infinitive

–        Expresses something that is not likely to happen

• Type 3:  if + Past Perfect

–        Expresses something that is impossible.

Type 1: if + Simple Present, will-future

• Type 1 expresses something that is likely to happen.

• Eg. If I catch the bus, I will get to school on time.

• The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence:

• Eg. I will get to school on time if I catch the bus.

Type 1: if + Simple Present, will-future

• Conditional sentences Type 1 refer to the future.

• An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is met.

• We don’t know for sure whether or not the condition will be fulfilled, but the condition is realistic and therefore likely to happen.

• It is likely that I will catch the bus and get to school on time.

Type 2:  if + Simple Past, would + infinitive

• Type 2 expresses something that is unlikely to happen.

• Eg. If I had the time, I would go to the show.

• The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence:

• Eg. I would go to the show if I had the time.

• We usually use “were” instead of “was” in Type 2.

Type 2:  if + Simple Past, would + infinitive

• An action could happen if the present situation were different.

• We don’t really expect the situation to change – we just imagine ‘what would happen if…’

• It is unlikely that I will find the time to go to the show.

Type 3:  if + Past Perfect

• Type 3 expresses something that is impossible.

• Eg. If I had finished my homework, I would have gone to the party.

• The main clause can also be at the beginning of the sentence:

• Eg. I would have gone to the party if I had finished my homework.

Type 3:  if + Past Perfect

• Type 3 conditional sentences refer to situations in the past.

• An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled.

• We just imagine what would have happened if the condition had been met.

• I wanted to go to the party but I wasn’t able to go to the party because I hadn’t finished my homework.

Type “0”

• The “0” conditional is formed with both clauses in the present tense.

• It is used to express a certainty, a universal statement, a law of science, etc.

• Eg. If you heat water to 100 degrees celsius, it boils. If you don’t eat for a long time, you become hungry. If the sea is stormy, the waves are high.

• The “0” conditional is different from true conditionals because the introductory ‘if’ can be replaced by ‘when’ or ‘whenever’.